Ibn Sina Journal of Medical Science, Health & Pharmacy

Abstract

In Jordan, brucellosis is a serious infectious disease that can be challenging to diagnose and treat, as cases may progress from acute to chronic stages. The course of the disease is strongly influenced by immunological factors, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is believed to play a key role in immune regulation, immune evasion, and chronic inflammation. This study focused on comparing acute and chronic cases, aiming to evaluate TGF-β levels in Jordanian patients with brucellosis and explore its potential as a biomarker for immune evasion and disease duration. Using a cross-sectional, comparative design, blood samples were collected from three groups: 30 patients with acute brucellosis, 30 with chronic brucellosis, and 30 healthy controls. TGF-β levels were measured using ELISA, alongside serological testing and clinical assessment. The relationship between TGF-β levels, disease severity, and duration was analyzed, and statistical comparisons were made across the groups. The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between TGF-β levels and disease duration, with chronic patients exhibiting substantially higher levels than both acute patients and healthy controls. These findings highlight TGF-β as a reliable biomarker for distinguishing disease stages and predicting progression, suggesting that elevated levels contribute to immune modulation and sustained inflammation. The study concludes that measuring TGF-β could serve as a valuable tool for disease assessment and treatment guidance, while also enhancing understanding of Brucella’s immune evasion mechanisms. This opens avenues for further applied research and potential clinical implementation for early intervention and disease monitoring. Additional studies are recommended to support the clinical utility of this marker and to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Transforming Growth Factor; Acute; Chronic Brucellosis; Immune Evasion; Disease Persistence.

References

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Article history_en

Received : Jun 12, 2024

Revised : Jun 17, 2024

Accepted : Jul 10, 2024

Authors Affiliations_en

MUSTAFA ABDELHAKIM ALMAJALI

Ethics declarations_en

Acknowledgment	None
Author Contribution	All authors contributed equally to the main contributor to this paper. All authors read and approved the final paper.
Conflicts of Interest	“The authors declare no conflict of interest.”
Funding	“This research received no external funding”